Diagnostico de las prácticas de gerencia de proyectos y propuesta de estrategias a partir de CMMI y PMBok

Este proyecto presenta las problemáticas que se observan en las pequeñas y medianas empresas desarrolladoras de software de la región en el área de planeación de los proyectos, así mismo, se hace una descripción de la situación con datos estadísticos tomados en la ciudad de Pereira de una muestra representativa de las empresas. Se hace un estudio de dos importantes entes en cuanto a desarrollo de software y gestión de proyectos se refiere, CMMI y PMBoK, con el objetivo de analizar sus lineamientos y fines para ofrecer una alternativa a las Pymes. El análisis de las encuestas determina la situación actual, así como el interés de las empresas en mejorar sus prácticas. Por esta razón, las estrategias propuestas presentan una opción para optimizar los procesos de gerencia de proyectos de software, específicamente la planeación. En el transcurso del desarrollo de las estrategias, se hace énfasis en el papel del cliente en todas las fases, debido a que es el actor principal porque cumple una función indispensable, además de ser a quien va dirigidos los esfuerzos de todo proyecto y es el la persona que aprueba o rechaza el producto final

Determinantes del abstencionismo electoral por apatía en ciudadanos bogotanos desde la perspectiva conductual

163-190 p. :ilustraciones, capítulo de libro electrónicoEl fenómeno del abstencionismo electoral deja en evidencia el poco interés que tiene la población por ejercer su derecho al voto y elegir a sus gobernantes, afectando con ello la legitimidad de las democracias, puesto que cuando se presenta baja participación electoral, se atenta contra el postulado fundamental de la democracia que es ser el gobierno del pueblo. En el contexto colombiano específicamente, la participación electoral se mantiene en un histórico inferior al 50% lo que junto con otros factores como la corrupción, la falta de libertades civiles, el poco desarrollo económico, entre otros, ubica al país en la cuarta posición de las democracias más débiles del mundo (Botero, 2014; Economist Intelligence Unit, 2010).Capítulo 8ISBN: 978958580475

Identifying urban hotspots of dengue, chikungunya, and zika transmission in Mexico to support risk stratification efforts : a spatial analysis

The study identifies persistent Aedes-borne disease hotspots in Mexican cities. In this spatial analysis, geocoded cases of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika from nine endemic cities were aggregated at the census-tract level. Findings show an overlap between hotspots of 61.7% for dengue and Zika and 53.3% for dengue and chikungunya. Dengue hotspots (2008–16) were significantly associated with those detected during 2017–20 in five of the nine cities. Heads of vector control confirmed hotspot areas as problem zones for arbovirus transmission. This study provides evidence of the overlap of Aedes-borne diseases within geographical hotspots and a methodological framework for the stratification of arbovirus transmission risk.USAIDUS Centers for Disease Control and PreventionCanadian Institutes of Health ResearchFondo Mixto CONACyT (Mexico)-Gobierno del Estado de YucatanUS National Institutes of Healt

In vitro evaluation of frictional resistance between ceramic brackets and orthodontic steel arches with and without glass coatings applied by sol-gel method

ABSTRACT: To compare the in vitro static and dynamic frictional resistance between ceramic brackets and stainless steel wires with and without glass coatings applied by sol-gel method. Methods: 58 commercial stainless steel orthodontic wires AISI 304 (0.016 x 0.016 inch) were prepared with and without vitreous coating applied by Sol- Gel method. The in vitro static and dynamic frictional resistance of the wires on the mono-crystalline ceramic brackets were evaluated; also, the wire surfaces were characterized by means of Optical Microscopy and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). Results: statistically significant differences were found between both groups under static (p = 0.000) as well as dynamic (p = 0.001) friction test. The friction values found in the coated group were higher (Static friction: 1.78 ± 0.44 N, Dynamic friction: 1.75 ± 0.49 N) than the group with no coating (Static friction: 1.37 ± 0.31 N, Dynamic friction: 1.41 ± 0.27 N). Characterization by SEM showed surface defects in both groups after the friction tests. Conclusion: the evaluated coatings did not perform better in terms of frictional behavior on sapphire mono-crystalline ceramic brackets when compared with the control group.RESUMEN: Comparar la resistencia friccional estática y dinámica in vitro entre brackets cerámicos y alambres de acero inoxidable con recubrimiento vítreo aplicado por el método Sol-Gel y sin él. Métodos: se prepararon 58 alambres de acero inoxidable AISI 304 de 0.016 x 0.016 con recubrimiento vítreo aplicado por Sol-Gel y sin él. Posteriormente se evaluó la resistencia a la fricción estática y dinámica in vitro de los alambres sobre brackets cerámicos de zafiro monocristalino y se caracterizaron las superficies en contacto por microscopia óptica y electrónica de barrido (SEM). Resultados: se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre ambos grupos tanto para la fuerza de fricción estática (p = 0,000) como dinámica (p = 0,001). El grupo de los alambres recubiertos presentó una fuerza de fricción estática y dinámica mayor (estática: 1,78 ± 0,44 N, dinámica: 1,75 ± 0,49 N) que el grupo sin recubrimientos (estática: 1,37 ± 0,31 N, dinámica: 1,41 ± 0,27 N). La caracterización por SEM mostró que se producen defectos superficiales en los recubrimientos después de las pruebas de fricción. Conclusión: los recubrimientos evaluados no mostraron mejor comportamiento friccional sobre brackets de zafiro monocristalino cuando son comparados con el grupo control

EFEITOS DA RECUPERAÇÃO PASSIVA E ATIVA SOBRE A DOR E A FUNCIONALIDADE APÓS EXERCÍCIOS RESISTIDOS

Os exercícios resistidos (ER) realizados de forma intensa resultam no surgimento de dor muscular de inicio tardio (DMIT) e na redução da funcionalidade. Diferentes formas de recuperação após os exercícios veem sendo estudadas para atenuar o desconforto e melhorar a funcionalidade. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os efeitos das recuperações passiva (RP) e ativa (RA) sobre a DMIT e a funcionalidade de voluntários fisicamente ativos após sessão de ER. A amostra foi composta por 15 voluntários, com idade média de 24,2 (± 2,2) anos e IMC de 24,7 (± 2,5) kg/m2, submetidos ao protocolo de ER e às formas de recuperação. As sessões de ER (agachamento, cadeira extensora e leg press) consistiram em 4 séries de 10 repetições, com 80% da carga máxima (intervalo de uma semana entre a avaliação e as sessões). A DMIT foi avaliada (Escala Visual Analógica) 24 h, 48 h e 72 h após sessão de ER. A funcionalidade (força muscular avaliada pelo pico de torque isométrico, flexibilidade, potência, agilidade, velocidade e resistência à fadiga) foi avaliada 30 min após as intervenções (RA e RP). A RA foi mais eficiente na redução da DMIT em relação à RP nos três momentos avaliados (24 h: -1,3, 48 h: -1.3 e 72 h: -1.5 pontos; p < 0.005). A RA melhorou em aproximadamente 9% a força muscular dos membros inferiores em relação à RP. As demais variáveis funcionais não apresentaram diferenças entre as recuperações. A RA diminui a DMIT e atenua a perda da força muscular após ER em voluntários fisicamente ativos

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Lo glocal y el turismo. Nuevos paradigmas de interpretación.

El estudio del turismo se realiza desde múltiples escalas y enfoques, este libro aborda muchos temas que es necesario discutir desde diversas perspectivas; es el caso de la reflexión sobre la propia disciplina y sus conceptos, así como los asuntos específicos referidos al impacto territorial, los tipos de turismo, las cuestiones ambientales, el tema de la pobreza, la competitividad, las políticas públicas, el papel de las universidades, las áreas naturales protegidas, la sustentabilidad, la cultura, el desarrollo, la seguridad, todos temas centrales documentados y expuestos con originalidad y dominio del asunto. Lo multiescalar es básico para la comprensión del sistema turístico, sistema formado de procesos globales, regionales y locales. El eje de discusión del libro es lo glocal, esa interacción entre lo nacional y local con lo global

Case-Serie of 4 COVID-19 patients hospitalized in an intensive care unit in a hospital institution in Barranquilla, Colombia

Objetivo: Presentar una serie de casos de COVID-19 con requerimiento de ingreso a Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos. Métodos: La información fue tomada de las historias clínicas, y su evaluación y diagnóstico fue realizado mediante estudios paraclínicos en sangre, orina, PCR e imágenes diagnósticas en 4 pacientes con diferentes comorbilidades y nexo epidemiológico presente para desarrollo de la enfermedad. El caso 1 desarrolló falla orgánica múltiple, incluyendo injuria renal aguda con una estancia en UCI de 4 dias antes de su fallecimiento, mientras los casos 2, 3 y 4 tuvieron una evolución favorable y fueron dados de alta de UCI. Los cuatro casos fueron manejados con cloroquina 300 mg via oral cada 12 horas y azitromicina 1 gr via oral cada 24 horas durante 5 dias sin complicaciones ni toxicidad asociada. Conclusiones: Se requieren estudios multicéntricos rápidos que orienten científicamente hacia un mejor abordaje diagnóstico y manejo, en el contexto de una enfermedad con un comportamiento clínico-epidemiologico que debe estudiarse en profundidad y que probablemente cobrará muchas vidas, ademas, debido a la ausencia de pruebas diagnósticas rápidas, la utilización de una clasificación basada en la severidad de lesiones radiológicas llamada CO-RADS (Covid-19 Imaging Reporting and Data System), podría ser de gran importancia para instalar de manera temprana los tratamientos farmacológicos disponibles y la asistencia respiratoria mecánica precoz.Objective: To present a COVID-19 case series with clinical admission criteria to Intensive Care Unit. Methods: Patients information was obtained from medical records, and daily clinical evaluation whereas diagnosis was carried out through paraclinical studies in blood, urine, PCR and diagnostic images in 4 patients with different comorbidities and epidemiological link for the development of COVID19. The case 1 developed multiple organ failure, including acute kidney injury with an ICU stay of 4 days before his death, while cases 2, 3 and 4 had a favorable evolution and were discharged from the ICU. All four cases were managed with chloroquine 300 mg orally every 12 hours and azithromycin orally every 24 hours for 5 days without complications or associated toxicity. Conclusions: rapid multicenter studies are required to scientifically guide a better diagnostic and management approach, in the context of a disease with a clinical-epidemiological behavior that must be studied in depth and will probably take many lives. In addition, due to the absence of sufficiently rapid tests, the use of a classification based on the severity of radiological lesions called CO-RADS (Covid-19 Imaging Reporting and Data System), could be of great importance to install av